DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Introduction

A modern DBMS is more realistic which makes the process easier in retrieving, manipulating, and producing information. In the conventional method, data has been arranged in a file and all the research helped to overcome the lack in the traditional system of data management. Thus, the modern database system is associated with following the basic rules of normalization by storing metadata. The study will evaluate the process by which the database has made the evolution from a desktop system to a modern DBMS system by demonstrating the reason. In addition, the study will analyze the alternative data warehouse and business intelligence architecture and also the modern approaches.

How Database Management Systems (DBMS) have evolved over the years (L1 and L5)

The traditional database system has evolved from a file-based system to a database approach. In other words, it has evolved from a simple record-oriented navigational database system to a relational database system that is object-oriented and supports multimedia. In the 1960s, flat file-based systems helped to store information in a single file and every line consisted of one record where the field had a fixed length or it had a separation from tabs, commas, and whitespace (Poltavtseva, 2019). If one record is misplaced or deleted from the flat file database, then all the data from different files has to be omitted manually, which makes for inefficient data manipulation. In addition, the process was very time-consuming and it also wasted the space of a computer.

In the 1970s, a hierarchical model of the database was introduced that contained data in a hierarchical manner. It was visualized as a family tree that indicated the parent-child relationship. In this system, parents can have many children but each child has only one parent. Additionally, it contains segments that are similar to the file record system and the main entity was formed in a table. In this process, the speed of accessing information was relatively fast and it also increased the level of performance of data. On the other hand, this model lacks flexibility, and maintenance of this kind of database was difficult.

In the late 80s, Charles Bachmann invented a network model which ensured the allowing of multiple parent and child relationships which indicated a graph structure (Anwar et al., 2020). It is an undeniable fact that it has improved the performance of databases and it helps to represent complicated data in a simpler form. It has ensured data model integrity and it also ensures data independence. However, it has a deficiency of structural independence and for this reason, a user-friendly database management system could not be built. At present, the relational database model has been introduced by E.F. Codd which is associated with allowing the entities which are involved in a common attribute (Cao, 2021). The main benefit of using relational databases is that data can be stored in a small table and the property of the database is flexible. The languages that are used in relational database models are human-readable and it ensures a security control that also imposes a control of authentication (Liu et al., 2018).

Another modern database is the object-oriented database model where information is stored as an object and object-oriented programming languages. In this process, the navigation of data is easier and it allows complexity. Thus, it can be stated that the main reason for the evolution of data is the increment in data performance, more flexibility, complex data stores, increment in data efficiency, increment in speed, and saving time.

Describe a DBMS system used for Transactional Processing (L2)

DBMS transaction processing refers to logical techniques of processing units that include collections of databases that access the operations. It has been noticed that in DBMS, all types of databases are associated with accessing the operation and launching and finishing statements of transactions that can be measured in a simple logical transaction (Groomer & Murthy, 2018). At the time of this transaction on the server, the database can be inconsistent. It indicates the database has been structured to optimize the performance of the process of the transaction. It has been noticed that relational databases have become one of the main data management technologies despite big data and NoSQL databases (Prabowo & Evizal, 2022). Data is accessed using SQL in relational databases and can be processed with joins, tables, and SQL procedures.

At present, relational databases are SQL Server, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQLite. In addition, the new DBMS systems are related to the NoSQL database which includes Redis, MongoDB, Apache, and CouchDB.